The cards have a thin film covering the answer options, making them nearly impossible to see through (Figure 1, Part a). There are options for the number of questions and response options per card. Extension professionals interested in applying IFAT can obtain IFAT cards for about $0.20 per card from Epstein Educational Enterprises ( To our knowledge, this is the only source of a low-technology evaluation tool that provides immediate feedback. The immediate feedback assessment technique (IFAT) developed by Epstein, Epstein, and Brosvic (2001) promotes active knowledge acquisition and retention of subject materials. One efficient method of educating adults involves use of a card-based system that delivers immediate feedback for enhanced learning. IMMEDIATE FEEDBACK ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE FREEAdditionally, adults generally have less free time to dedicate to learning, so the experience must be well organized and efficient to stimulate learning (McGrath, 2009). Many Extension programs are voluntary learning opportunities, and adults expect the topics to be immediately useful. Adults can be challenging to educate, as they often like to validate the information they receive according to their established beliefs and experiences. Andragogy, or the science of teaching adults, consistently indicates that adults (a) need to know why they should be learning something, (b) have a greater volume and different quality of experience than youths, and (c) enter a learning experience with a problem-centered orientation (Knowles, 1996). Research has demonstrated that adults learn differently than younger people (Knowles, 1996). By using active involvement in the evaluation process, one's acquisition and retention of correct information increases (Epstein et al., 2002). Moreover, understanding the correct answer also can help reinforce new learning. Often questions are related to one another, and answering incorrectly results in similar errors later in the survey. Usually people want to know whether they answered questions correctly, and not knowing can actually cause anxiety (Epstein et al., 2002), which may affect learning and retention. Feedback is information learners receive about their learning process positive feedback enhances learner motivation (Caffarella & Daffron, 2013). Regardless of format, merely asking questions without providing feedback to learners regarding their answers may not foster their learning and, ultimately, retention. Educators tend to think closed-ended questions (e.g., multiple-choice items) are reliable and can be quickly and easily scored (Taylor-Powell, 1998) however, it can be difficult to force specific responses as occurs with multiple-choice items with certain topics that could have multiple outcomes (Epstein et al., 2002 Fink, 2017). Surveys are usually prepared and administered by Extension personnel, and there are many ways to formulate questions (Fink, 2017 Taylor-Powell, 1998 Taylor-Powell & Hermann, 2000). University Extension personnel are asked to document program impact, and land-grant universities have a strong evaluation culture (Caffarella & Daffron, 2013 Franz, Arnold, & Baughman, 2014). Surveys are commonly used to collect information about people's knowledge and behaviors (Caffarella & Daffron, 2013 Fink, 2017 Stup, 2003).
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